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LEPIDOPTERA

Argynnis adippe ([Denis et Schiffermuller], 1775)
Argynnis adippe ([Denis et Schiffermuller], 1775)

• TYPE LOCALITY. «Umgebung von Wien» [Vienna, Austria].

• SYNONYMS. cydippe (Linnaeus, 1761), nomen nudum; berecynthia (Poda, 1761), nomen nudum; adippe (Linnaeus, 1767), ICZN, 1958; adippe (Rottemburg, 1775), nom. praeoccup.; phryxa (Bergstrasser, 1780); aspasia (Borkhausen, 1788), nom. praeoccup.; chlorodippe Herrich-Schaffer, [1851].

• RANGE. The entire Palaearctic Region except for the extreme North and South.

• DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION. European part, Caucasus Major and Minor, Armenian Highland, Kopet-Dagh, Tian-Shan, Ghissar-Darvaz, Pamirs-Alai, W. and S. Siberia, Amur and Ussuri regions, Sakhlin, Kuriles. The species is strongly variable over the distribution area. Additional variability is due to the presence of two forms in males and females, i.e., with or without silvery spots on the UNH (form cleodoxa Ochsen-heimer, 1816). The form cleodoxa is more usual in the southeast of the area. Sexual dimorphism is well-expressed. Numerous subtaxa referred to this species have been described, some of these requiring additional studies. The pattern of geographical variation tends to follow a gradual dine, with the following subspecies distinguishable: the nominotypical subspecies - Carpathians, central European part, W. Siberia, Sayan and Altais; ssp. norwegica Schultz, 1904 (TL: «Norwegen») - N. European part, N. and central Siberia, Far East; ssp. garcila Fruhstorfer, 1910 (TL: «Saratow») - S. European part; ssp. thalestria Jachontov, [1909] (TL: "Caucasus centralis; Transcaucasia: Borzhom») - Caucasus Major and Minor; ssp. taurica Staudinger, 1878 (TL: «Taurus») -Armenian Highland and Kopet-Dagh; ssp. tianshanica Alpheraky, 1881 (TL: «...sur le Jouldousse») (= juldana Reuss, 1922) - Tian-Shan, Tarbagatai and Saur; ssp. martini Reuss, 1922 (TL: «Turkestan») - Ghissar-Darvaz; ssp. bischoffi Reuss, 1922 (TL: «Turkestan») - Pamirs-Alai; ssp. zarewna Fruhstorfer, 1912 (TL: «Irkutsk») - Sayan, Transbaikalia; ssp. chrysodippe Staudinger, 1892 (TL: Amur) (=JormosaKrulikovsky, 1902) - Amur region; ssp. pdilescens Butler, 1873 (TL: «Hakodadi» [Hokkaido, Japan]) (= microuorax Belter, 1934) - Ussuri region; ssp. satakei Nakahara, 1926 (TL: Sakhalin) (= sachalmensis Matsumura, 1911, nom. praeoccup.) - Sakhalin; ssp. don Matsumura, 1928 (TL: «Kuriles») -Kuriles. Besides this, a lot of subspecies are known from the adjacent territories of China and Japan: locuples Butler, 1879 (TL: «Nikko, Central Japan»); kurosawae Matsumura, 1929 (TL: Sapporo, Hokkaido); taige-tana Reuss, 1922 (TL: [Hakodadi, Japan]); chinensis Belter, 1931 (TL: Chinas, occ., Szetschwan); elwesi Reuss, 1921 (TL: Kulu).

• TAXONOMIC NOTES. The authorship of this taxon was established by the ICZN under Number 1472 in the Official List of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, Opinions 501, 516, 1958). The neotype male (deposited in NHMW) has been designated by Hemming, Riley and Verity in Appendix to Opinion 501, 1958.

• HABITATS AND BIOLOGY. Preferring open landscapes, but occurring in light forest and/or amidst bushes up to 3,000 m a.s.l. Flight period: June to August. Host plants: Viola spp. Hibernation larval. Pupation near the ground in a delicate cocoon.

• SIMILAR SPECIES. Argynnis nerippe, A. niobe, A. xipe: androconial scales on one vein of UPF present or completely absent; different structure of genitalia.

 

Photo and text: Guide to the BUTTERFLIES OF RUSSIA and adjacent territories Volume 2. PENSOFT, Sofia - Moscow. 2000